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Objective: To evaluate the effects on short-term clinical outcomes and long-term quality of life of laparoscopic-assisted radical proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis versus total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. Methods: This was a propensity score matching, retrospective, cohort study. Clinicopathological data of 184 patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction admitted to two medical centers in China from January 2016 to January 2021 were collected (147 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and 37 in the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University). All patients had undergone laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy. They were divided into two groups based on the extent of tumor resection and technique used for digestive tract reconstruction. A proximal gastrectomy with reconstruction by esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group comprised 82 patients and a total gastrectomy with reconstruction by Roux-en-Y anastomosis group comprised 102 patients. These groups differed significantly in the following baseline characteristics: age, preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative albumin, tumor length, tumor differentiation, and tumor TNM stage (all P<0.05). To eliminate potential bias caused by unequal distribution between the two groups, 1∶1 matching was performed by the nearest neighbor matching method. The 13 matched variables comprised sex, age, height, body mass, body mass index, preoperative glucose, preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative total protein, preoperative albumin, neoadjuvant radiotherapy, tumor length, degree of differentiation, and pathological TNM stage. Postoperative complications, postoperative nutritional status, incidence of reflux esophagitis 1 year after surgery, and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results: After propensity score matching, 60 patients each were enrolled in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis and total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis groups. The baseline characteristics were comparable between these groups (all P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in operative time, intraoperative bleeding, time to semifluid diet, postoperative hospital days, tumor length, and total hospital costs (P>0.05). Patients in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group had earlier postoperative gastric tube and abdominal drainage tube removal time than those in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group (t=-2.183, P=0.023 and t=-4.073, P<0.001, respectively). In contrast, significantly fewer lymph nodes were cleared and significantly fewer lymph nodes were positive in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group than in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group (t=-5.754, P<0.001 and t=-2.575, P=0.031, respectively). The incidence of early postoperative complications was 43.3% (26/60) in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group; this is not significantly higher than the 26.7% (16/60) in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group (χ2=3.663，P=0.056). The incidences of pulmonary infection (31.7%, 19/60) and pleural effusion (30.0%, 18/60) were significantly higher in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group than in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group (13.3%, 8/60 and 8.3%, 5/60, respectively); these differences are significant (χ2=8.711, P=0.003 and χ2=11.368, P=0.001, respectively). All early complications were successfully treated before discharge. The incidence of long-term postoperative complications was 20.0% (12/60) in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group and 35.0% (21/60) in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group; this difference is not significant (χ2=3.386，P=0.066). The incidence of reflux esophagitis was 23.3% (14/60) in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group; this is significantly higher than the 1.7% (1/60) in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group (χ2=12.876, P<0.001). Body mass index had decreased significantly in both groups 1 year after surgery compared with preoperatively; however, the difference between the two groups was not significant (P>0.05). The differences in hemoglobin and albumin concentrations between 1 year postoperatively and preoperatively were not significant (both P>0.05). Quality of life was assessed using the Visick grade. Visick grade I dominated in both groups. The percentage of patients with Visick II and III in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group was 11.7% (7/60), which is significantly lower than the 33.3% (20/60) in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group (χ2=8.076, P=0.004). No patients in either group had a grade IV quality of life. Conclusions: Both proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis and total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis laparoscopic-assisted radical surgery for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction are safe and feasible. However, both procedures have their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of postoperative complications. The incidence of reflux esophagitis is higher after proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis, whereas the long-term quality of life is lower than that of patients after total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis.
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Humans , Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Esophagitis, Peptic , Quality of Life , Propensity Score , Gastrectomy/methods , Esophagogastric Junction/surgery , Anastomosis, Surgical/methods , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Postoperative Complications , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the association between physical activity and screen time with overweight and obesity in preschool children, and to provide evidence for childhood obesity prevention and control.@*Methods@#Using a case control study design, 109 overweight or obese children (the case group) were recruited from four kindergartens from a community of Chaoyang District, Beijing, and 117 children with normal weight in the same kindergarten (the control group) were recruited as control. Gender and age were matched between the case and the control group. Univariate analysis was used to compare the demographics, physical activity time, screen time, sleep and diet characteristics between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of physical activity and screen time with overweight and obesity in preschool children with adjustment for covariates.@*Results@#After adjusting for age, gender, average daily sleep time, the total score of Children s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), Chinese diet balance index for preschool children (DBI-C), children with <3 h of daily physical activity had an increased risk of overweight and obesity compared with those with ≥3 h of physical activity ( OR=2.55,95%CI=1.16-5.64，P =0.02), and the risk of overweight and obesity increased with each additional quartile of daily screen time in children ( OR=2.44,95%CI=1.69-3.52, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Insufficient physical activity and excessive screen time are independent risk factors of overweight and obesity in preschool children. Comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to effectively increase physical activity and reduce screen time for overweight and obesity prevention and control in preschool children.
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As a common soil-borne nematode, hookworm is mainly parasitized in the intestine, and the clinical manifestations of hookworm infections mainly include gastrointestinal symptoms and iron-deficiency anemia. In addition, hookworm may be also parasitized in other organs in addition to gastrointestinal system, resulting in development of disorders in other systems. Proteinuria caused by hookworm infections is rare and easy to be misdiagnosed in clinical practices. Hereby, the diagnosis and treatment of a case of proteinuria associated with hookworm infections was reported, in order to increase the understanding of hookworm infection-associated proteinuria among clinicians.
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Paclitaxel, a diterpenoid alkaloid, is known as one of the most effective plant antitumor drugs. At present, paclitaxel products are mainly obtained by semi-chemical synthesis, extraction from Taxus spp. plant and bark cell culture synthesis. This study emphatically analyzed the research progress in the production of paclitaxel. The identification of genes related to paclitaxel biosynthesis was summarized. Furthermore, it was assessed that the possibility of using the bark cell culture of Taxus chinensis, endophytic fungi fermentation and the synthetic biology heterologous synthesis to produce paclitaxel compounds. The review can provide theoretical reference for the establishment of green and sustainable industrial production methods of the paclitaxel active products and their precursors.
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Objective:To investigate the role of celecoxib in inhibiting liver cancer and to explore the potential molecular mech-anisms.Methods:A total of 65 cases of patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from February 2012 to June 2016 were recruited as study object.Another 15 cases of normal liver tissue offered by the department of hepatobiliary surgery were selected as control.Immunohistochemical staining(IHC) was used to detect the expression level of COX-2 and PD-1 in tumor and normal tissue samples.Pearson correlation analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between COX-2 and PD-1 in HCC patients.Construction of H22 hepatoma cells bearing BALB/c mice model,randomly divided them into control group,celecoxib group and PD-1 antibody group(15 mice for each group).Sacrificed all mice alive at the end of the 4th weeks after the treatment and removed the tumors then.The tumor growth curves and survival curves were drawn to observe the anti-tumor effect.IHC were used to evaluate the expression of COX-2,PD-1 as well as the number of CD8+T and foxp3 positive Treg cells in tumor tissue.Flow cytometry were used to determine the number of CD8+T and CD4+CD25+Treg cells in peripheral blood.The peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) of BALB/c mice were separated and scramble or PD-1 siRNA were transfected then,Western blot analysis were used to detected the level of COX-2,PD-1,CD8 and Foxp3 after the treatment of celecoxib.Results:IHC results showed that the expression level of COX-2 and PD-1 in tumor tissue of HCC patients were significant higher than control(P<0.001).Pearson correlation analysis showed COX-2 were both positive correlated with PD-1 in the tumor tissue of HCC patients(R2=0.673,P<0.001).The tumor growth curves and survival curves in celecoxib or PD-1 antibody groups were significant better than in control group (P<0.05).There were no significant difference of tumor growth curves and survival curves between celecoxib group and PD-1 antibody group(P>0.05).IHC and flow cytometry analysis showed that celecoxib treatment significant decreased the expression level of PD-1(P<0.05).Both celecoxib and PD-1 antibody treatment significant increased the number of CD8+T cells while decreased the number of Treg cells in the tissue or the peripheral blood(P<0.05).Western blot analysis showed that celecoxib significant decreased the level of COX-2,PD-1,CD8 and Foxp3 in PBMCs,while it did not affect the level of CD8 and Foxp3 in PD-1 siRNA transfected PBMCs.Conclusion:The expression level of COX-2 and PD-1 were increased in the tumor tissue of HCC patients.Celecoxib may inhibit liver cancer by regulating PD-1 mediated tumor immune via inhibiting COX-2.
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Objective Reports are rarely seen about the application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with surgical dislocation of head and neck fenestration (HNF) in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in the peri-collapse stage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effects of PRP combined with surgical dislocation of HNF in the treatment of ONFH. Methods Using PRP combined with surgical dislocation of HNF,we treated 18 ONFH patients with 22 hips involved,in-cluding 7 cases of ARCO stage Ⅱc,10 cases of stage Ⅲa,and 5 cases of stage Ⅲb, and followed them up for 12.40±3.12 months. We evaluated the clinical results and compared the Harris scores and radiographic manifestations obtained before and after surgery. Results The overall Harris scores of the patients at 12 months after surgery were significantly higher than the baseline(86.84±6.44 vs 73.73±5.42,P=0.04),(87.73±2.43 vs 74.23±7.30,P<0.05) in the stageⅡc group,(85.22±7.63 vs 72.82±5.31,P<0.05) in the stageⅢa group,and(78.86±5.91 vs 69.37±6.13,P<0.05) in the stageⅢb group. The rate of excellence was 90.91% and that of im-provement was 95.45%.There were no such postoperative complications as nonunion,infection,or osteothrombosis. Conclusion PRP com-bined with surgical dislocation of HNF exhibited an excellent short-term effect in the treatment of ONFH in the peri-collapse stage, which has provided a new option for the management of the disease.
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Objective To explore the effect of excessive fluoride on expression of mRNA and protein of Wnt3a and β-catenin in rats' osteoblasts and its correlation with pathogenic mechanism of fluorosis.Methods Thirty-six healthy SD rats,weighting 100-120 g and according to body mass,were randomly divided into three groups(twelve in each group).The rats of control were fed wich tap water(fluoride ＜ 1 mg/L) and the experimental rats were exposed to NaF(low-fluoride group:5 mg/L,high-fluoride group:50 mg/L) added to the drinking water to establish the chronic fluorosis model.After fed for eight morth,all rats were killed and metaphysic of femoral was collected.Rat dental fluorosis was observed and bone fluorine was detected by ashing-fluorin ion selective electrode method.The content of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP 5b) in rats' serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The morphologic changes of the bone were observed by microscopy.The expression of mRNA and protein of Wnt3a and β-catenin in osteoblasts of rats was analyzed with gray scale by hybridization in situ and immunohistochemistry methods,respectively.Results Detection rate of dental fluorosis,fluoride contents of urine and bone were significantly increased [control group:0.0％,(1.26 + 0.17)mg/L,(305.58 ± 91.26)mg/kg; low-fluoride group:66.7％,(2.06 ± 0.64)mg/L,(632.33 ±123.21)mg/kg; high-fluoride group:91.7％,(7.69 ± 1.96)mg/L,(1088.75 ± 156.16) mg/kg] in the rats treated with fluoride,the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ2 =21.6; F =36.57,467.02; all P ＜0.05).The contents of BALP and TRACP-5b in rats' serum were significantly different between groups(F =89.57,7.68; all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with control group[(16.24 + 1.57)U/L],the contents of BALP in rats' serum of the low-fluoride and high-fluoride groups[(31.47 ± 5.30) and (54.61 ± 2.27)U/L] were increased gradually(all P ＜0.05).Compared with the low-fluoride group,the value in the high-fluoride group decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).The contents of TRACP-5b in rats' serum of low-fluoride group[(3.45 ± 1.85)U/L] were elevated significantly(all P ＜ 0.05) compared with the control group[(1.26 ± 0.23)U/L] and the high-fluoride group[(2.74 ± 1.85)U/L].The bone cortices were thickened and the bone trabecula was broadened,arranged closely together in chronic fluorosis rats with significant difference compared with the control group.In the low-fluoride and high-fluoride groups,the expression levels of Wnt3a and β-catenin mRNA (low-fluoride group:132.87 ± 5.72 and 132.57 ± 9.56; highfluoride group:135.60 ± 6.64 and 137.87 ± 9.16) were markedly elevated with significant difference,respectively (F =12.47,5.96; all P ＜ 0.05) compared with those in control groups(119.86 ± 5.04 and 120.58 ± 7.84) by hybridization in situ(P ＜ 0.05),but there was no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05) of the level of Wnt3a and β-catenin mRNA between low-fluoride and high-fluoride groups.In the low-fluoride and high-fluoride groups,the protein expression of Wnt3a and β-catenin (low-fluoride group:137.50 ± 4.32 and 140.85 + 3.54; high-fluoride group:142.65 ± 11.84 and 152.52 ± 4.64) were markedly elevated with significant difference,respectively (F =10.07,53.82; all P ＜ 0.05) compared with those in control group (124.01 ± 2.63 and 126.75 ± 4.65) by immunohistochemistry(all P＜ 0.05),Wnt3a protein production in the low-fluoride group was increased without statistical significance compared with the high-fluoride group (P ＞ 0.05).But the protein production of β-catenin in the lowfluoride group was elevated with significant difference compared with the high-fluoride group(P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA and protein production of Wnt3a were positively correlated with the mRNA and protein production of β-catenin (r =0.731,0.658; all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Rat bone tissue lesions caused by excessive fluoride may be associated with an increased expression of Wnt3a and β-catenin mRNA and protein in osteoblasts.In chronic fluorosis,fluoride stimulates the overexpression of Wnt3a and β-catenin in the Wnt signal transduction pathway,enhances bone osteogenesis and causes skeletal fluorosis.
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Thrombus disease, one of the common cardiovascular diseases, has attracted worldwide attention for its rising mortality and morbidity. Due to the distinct shortages of current fibrinolytic drugs, new fibrinolytic agents warrant investigation. In this study, 8 fibrinolytic enzyme-producing strains were isolated from Douchi-a traditional Chinese food, and strain XY-1 which produced the largest amount of the enzyme was chosen for the following experiments. The enzyme produced by strain XY-1 was named Douchi fibrinolytic enzyme (DFE). We optimized the liquid culture medium of strain XY-1 for enzyme production using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design. The predicted maximal DFE yield was 19.78 FU/mL with 11.4 g/L peptone, 0.5 g/L magnesium sulfate and 1 g/L sodium chloride. However, we acquired maximal production of 21.33 FU/mL in actual experiments, equal to 107.84% of the theoretical value, and the yield had been increased by 79.55% as compared to the yield of un-optimized culture. It was demonstrated that the combined use of Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology in fermentation optimization can effectively and rapidly increase DFE production.
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Thrombus disease, one of the common cardiovascular diseases, has attracted worldwide attention for its rising mortality and morbidity. Due to the distinct shortages of current fibrinolytic drugs, new fibrinolytic agents warrant investigation. In this study, 8 fibrinolytic enzyme-producing strains were isolated from Douchi-a traditional Chinese food, and strain XY-1 which produced the largest amount of the enzyme was chosen for the following experiments. The enzyme produced by strain XY-1 was named Douchi fibrinolytic enzyme (DFE). We optimized the liquid culture medium of strain XY-1 for enzyme production using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design. The predicted maximal DFE yield was 19.78 FU/mL with 11.4 g/L peptone, 0.5 g/L magnesium sulfate and 1 g/L sodium chloride. However, we acquired maximal production of 21.33 FU/mL in actual experiments, equal to 107.84% of the theoretical value, and the yield had been increased by 79.55% as compared to the yield of un-optimized culture. It was demonstrated that the combined use of Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology in fermentation optimization can effectively and rapidly increase DFE production.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bacillus , Physiology , Bioreactors , Microbiology , Blood Coagulation , Physiology , Cells, Cultured , Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques , Computer Simulation , Fabaceae , Microbiology , Fibrinolytic Agents , Metabolism , Pharmacology , Models, Biological , Models, StatisticalABSTRACT
The anti-tumor effect of R-Phycoerythrin (R-PE) from Porphyra haitanensis was studied using cell line HeLa as an in vitro model and Sarcoma-180 (S180) tumor-bearing mice as an in vivo model. The results showed that the combination treatment of R-PE and photodynamic therapy PDT) significantly inhibited the growth of HeLa cells up to 81.5%, with a fair dose-effect relationship, but did not inhibit endothelial cells. The annexin v-fitc/PI fluorescence staining experiments demonstrated that at doses between 0~60µg/mL, apoptosis cells and later stage apoptosis cells or necrosis cells increased significantly as the R-PE dosage increased. DNA electrophoresis showed that after R-PE+PDT treatment of HeLa cells for 24 hours, a light "smear" band between 100~400bp appeared to indicate the degradation of genomic DNA. The QRT-PCR results showed that R-PE+PDT treatment increased caspase-3 and caspase-10 gene expression and decreased the Bcl-2 gene expression level significantly as the R-PE dose increased, implying that R-PE promoted HeLa cell apoptosis. Compared with untreated S180 tumor-bearing mice, R-PE injection significantly inhibited the growth of S180 in tumor-bearing mice up to 41.3% at a dose of 300mg-kg-1. Simultaneously, the significant increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum (p < 0.01) and the decrease of the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver suggests that R-PE improved the anti-oxidant ability of the S180 tumor-bearing mice, which may related to its antitumor effect. In addition, the R-PE caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the spleen index and thymus index, and a significant increase (p < 0.01) in lymphocyte proliferation, NK cell kill activity and the TNF-α level in the serum of S180 tumor-bearing mice. These results strongly suggest that the antitumor effect of R-PE from Porphyra haitanensis functioned by increasing the immunity and antioxidant ability of S180 tumor-bearing mice, promoting apoptosis by increasing protease gene expression and TNF-α secretion.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage , HeLa Cells/drug effects , Phycoerythrin/administration & dosage , Phytotherapy/methods , Porphyra/chemistry , /drug therapy , Apoptosis/drug effects , Biopsy , Caspases/genetics , /genetics , Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects , Molecular Weight , Malondialdehyde/pharmacology , Photochemotherapy , Phycoerythrin/isolation & purification , Plant Preparations/administration & dosage , /pathology , Superoxide Dismutase/pharmacologyABSTRACT
To investigate the mechanism of lipid raft mediating chemotherapy resistance in cervical cancer. This experiment was carried out in the Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China from June 2010 to February 2011. Hela cells were divided into 6 groups: control group [Ctrl], cisplatin group [Cis], lipid raft interference agent group [MCD], NADPH oxidase inhibitor group [Apo], lipid raft interference agent combined with cisplatin group [MCD+Cis], and NADPH oxidase inhibitor combined with cisplatin group [Apo+Cis]. After the cervical cancer cells were treated with a correspondent agent for 24 hours, the number of surviving cells were measured utilizing cell counting kits-8 [CCK-8], and the hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha [HIF-1alpha levels were detected by Western blotting. Reactive oxygen species [ROS] levels were measured indirectly by detection of dichlorodihydrofluorescein fluorescence activity. The cell growth of MCD slowed down [survival cells was 62% compared with the Ctrl group], with the Apo group showing a similar effect [65% in the control group], and 49% for the Cis group, MCD+Cis was 21%, and Apo+Cis was 23%. While the level of HIF-1alpha protein and ROS of the MCD group, Apo group, Cis group, MCD+Cis group and Apo+Cis group were decreased significantly compared to the control group. The level of HIF-1alpha of MCD group decreased by 69.9%, Apo group by 60.2%, Cis group was 55.5%, MCD+Cis group by 21.1% and Apo+Cis group by 25.4%, while the level of ROS also decreased in the MCD group by 38.6%, Apo group by 35.3%, Cis group by 24%, MCD+Cis group by 12.3% and Apo+Cis group by 12.8%. Lipid raft may up-regulate ROS level and HIF-1alpha expression through activating NADPH oxidase, and thus promote chemotherapy resistance in cervical cancer.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes of mRNA and protein expression of CaN in the bone of rats with chronic fluorosis, and the mechanism of skeletal fluorosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six SD rats were divided into three groups (12 in each group, half male and half female selected according to body weight): control, low-dose and high-dose fluorosis groups. Controls were fed tap water (NaF < 0.5 mg/L), experimental animals in the low- or high-dose groups were fed water containing NaF of 5.0 and 50.0 mg/L, respectively. The rats were sacrificed after 6 months of treatment with fluoride. The serum was kept for testing bone metabolic marker bone gla protein (BGP) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the protein and mRNA levels of CaN in distal femur of the rats with chronic flurosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of BGP (1.99 ± 0.62, 2.38 ± 0.16)µg/L in the low- or high-dose fluorosis groups were higher than that in the control group (0.15 ± 0.03) µg/L; and the high fluorosis group showed higher level than the low fluorosis group (all P < 0.05). Compared to the control group (131.11 ± 1.95, 111.82 ± 2.39), the protein and mRNA levels of CaN were higher in the low- or high-dose fluorosis groups (142.69 ± 1.17, 157.54 ± 1.88 and 121.28 ± 3.27, 134.63 ± 3.19, respectively), and the high fluorosis group showed higher levels than the low fluorosis group (all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>BGP content could be used as a bone metabolic index in endemic fluorosis disease. Fluoride might up-regulate the mRNA and protein expression of CaN, and the changes in CaN level may be involved in the increase of the bone turnover and could be one of the pathogenetic factors in fluorosis.</p>
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Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Bone and Bones , Metabolism , Calcineurin , Genetics , Metabolism , Fluoride Poisoning , Metabolism , Pathology , Fluorides , Metabolism , Urine , Fluorosis, Dental , Metabolism , Pathology , Osteoblasts , Metabolism , Osteocalcin , Blood , RNA, Messenger , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sodium Fluoride , PoisoningABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>Surgical repair of Achilles tendon (AT) rupture should immediately be followed by active tendon mobilization. The optimal time as to when the mobilization should begin is important yet controversial. Early kinesitherapy leads to reduced rehabilitation period. However, an insight into the detailed mechanism of this process has not been gained. Proteomic technique can be used to separate and purify the proteins by differential expression profile which is related to the function of different proteins, but research in the area of proteomic analysis of AT 3 days after repair has not been studied so far.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-seven New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into 3 groups. Group A (immobilization group, n equal to 16) received postoperative cast immobilization; Group B (early motion group, n equal to 16) received early active motion treatments immediately following the repair of AT rupture from tenotomy. Another 15 rabbits served as control group (Group C). The AT samples were prepared 3 days following the microsurgery. The proteins were separated employing two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). PDQuest software version 8.0 was used to identify differentially expressed proteins, followed by peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) and tandem mass spectrum analysis, using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) protein database retrieval and then for bioinformatics analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A mean of 446.33, 436.33 and 462.67 protein spots on Achilles tendon samples of 13 rabbits in Group A, 14 rabbits in Group B and 13 rabbits in Group C were successfully detected in the 2D-PAGE. There were 40, 36 and 79 unique proteins in Groups A, B and C respectively. Some differentially expressed proteins were enzyme with the gel, matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). We successfully identified 9 and 11 different proteins in Groups A and B, such as GAPDH, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, pro-alpha-1 type 1 collagen, peroxiredoxin 1, alpha-1-antiproteinase E a-1 and MAD2L1 binding protein, etc. And some with the molecular chaperone, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, signal transduction, coupled with the tendon cell expression and protein synthesis, proliferate, differentiate and are closely related to the AT healing. The GAPDH protein was further validated through Western blotting. It was indicated that some differentially expressed proteins were involved in various metabolism pathways and may play an important role in initial healing of AT rupture.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Differentially expressed proteins in rabbit healing AT model may contribute to 3 days healing of AT rupture through a new mechanobiological mechanism due to the application of postoperative early kinesitherapy.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Achilles Tendon , Wounds and Injuries , Blotting, Western , Computational Biology , Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional , Exercise Therapy , Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases , Proteins , Rupture , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization , Tendon Injuries , Metabolism , Rehabilitation , General Surgery , Wound Healing , PhysiologyABSTRACT
Microbial degradation of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) is the most promising way to clean up DDT residues found in the environment. In this paper, a bacterium designated as wax, which was capable of co-metabolizing DDT with other carbon sources, was isolated from a long-term DDT-contaminated soil sample by an enrichment culture technique. The new isolate was identified as a member of the Pseudoxanthomonas sp., based on its morphological, physiological and biochemical properties, as well as by 16S rRNA gene analysis. In the presence of 100 mg l-1 glucose, the wax strain could degrade over 95 percent of the total DDT, at a concentration of 20 mg l-1, in 72 hours, and could degrade over 60 percent of the total DDT, at a concentration of 100 mg l-1, in 144 hours. The wax strain had the highest degradation efficiency among all of the documented DDT-degrading bacteria. The wax strain could efficiently degrade DDT at temperatures ranging from 20 to 37ºC, and with initial pH values ranging from 7 to 9. The bacterium could also simultaneously co-metabolize 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD), 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichlorethylene (DDE), and other organochlorine compounds. The wax strain could also completely remove 20 mg kg-1 of DDT from both sterile and non-sterile soils in 20 days. This study demonstrates the significant potential use of Pseudoxanthomonas sp. wax for the bioremediation of DDT in the environment.
Subject(s)
Base Sequence , Bioreactors , DDT , Metabolism , Pesticide Residues , Biodegradation, Environmental , EnvironmentABSTRACT
Objective To study the impacts of the Three Gorges dam and change of water level on the survival of the local rodents, and to provide scientific basis to control the outbreak of rodent-borne diseases.Methods Four villages located around the Three Gorges dam were selected in the study. The mouse populations by using Elton night trapping method was monitored. Metallic spring traps were set for two consecutive nights. The mouse density and identified the mouse species was calculated. The mouse species indoor and outdoor, as well as the mouse density indoor and outdoor were compared. The impacts of water level in the dam and cleaning work on local mouse density were also analyzed. Results A total of 678 mice were caught in this study, 517 were caught indoor and 161 outdoor. Indoor dominant species was flavipectus; accounting for 36.49%(189/517), while outdoor was apodemus, reaching 56.88% (91/161). For mouse species, there was a significant difference between indoor and outdoor(x2 = 678.00, P ＜ 0.01 ). The average mouse density was 8.44%(678/8036) in trap nights. Indoor mouse density reached 14.44%(517/3581 ), which was significantly higher than that of outdoor(3.61%, 161/4455 ).For mouse density, there was a significant difference between indoor and outdoor(x2 = 301.04, P ＜ 0.01 ). When the water level was up to 156 m, mouse density reached 10%(513/5132), which was higher than that of before (5.68%, 165/2904). There was a significant difference in mouse density before and after reserving water (x2 = 44.68, P ＜ 0.01 ). With the change of water level, upstream mouse density formed a high platform from May 2007 to May 2008, followed by 12.25%(80/653), 13.16%(90/684), 12.95%(90/695), and decreased to 8.38%(28/334) after cleaning of the dam. Conclusions The Three Gorges dam and change of water level actually alter the survival environment of the local mouse, and affect local mouse density and mouse species. These may lead to local outbreak or epidemic of rodent-borne diseases.
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Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy and to provide evidence for specific strategies development on leprosy control. Methods Descriptive analysis of data from the national leprosy surveillance system was carried out in 2009. Results A total number of 1597 new cases were detected in 2009 with a case detection rate of 0.120 per 100 000 population.The proportions of children under 15, multibacillary and disability grade 2 were 2.4%, 84.3% and 22.8% respectively. A total number of 148 relapse cases were reported in 2009, among which 69 cases were those relapsed after multi-drug therapy. The existing cases were 6603 by the end of 2009 with a prevalence rate of 0.049 per 10 000 populations, among which 3332 cases were on multi-drug therapy. Conclusion The overall leprosy situation is considered to be at low endemic in China but the distribution is unequal, with pocket areas in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou. In order to reach the target on leprosy elimination, which was considered as a public health and social problem, the input and efforts are needed for many years to come.
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To examine the effect of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of liver tumors on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression in the residual viable tumor,a total of 30 New Zealand White rabbits implanted with VX2 liver tumor were divided into 2 groups. TAE-treated group animals (n=15) were subjected to TAE with 150-250 μm polyvinyl alcohol particles. Control group animals (n=15) underwent sham embolization with distilled water. Six hours,3 days or 7 days after TAE,the animals were sacrificed,and samples of tumor and adjacent normal liver tissue were harvested. Expression of HIF-1α protein was examined immunohistochemically. Real-time PCR was performed to examine the HIF-1α mRNA levels. Our results showed that HIF-1α protein was expressed in the VX2 tumors but not in the adjacent normal liver tissue. The HIF-1α-positive tumor cells were located predominantly at the periphery of necrotic tumor regions. The mean levels of HIF-1α protein were significantly higher in TAE-treated tumors than those in control tumors (P=0.002). Among the three sacrificing time points,the difference in increase in HIF-1α protein was significant between the two groups at the sacrificing time point of 6 h and 3 days after TAE (P=0.020,P=0.031,respectively),whereas no significant increase was noted 7 days after TAE (P=0.502). In contrast,although HIF-1α mRNA was expressed in TAE-treated and control VX2 tumors,there existed no significant difference in the HIF-1α mRNA level between the two groups (P=0.372). It is concluded that TAE of liver tumors increases the expression of HIF-1α at protein level in the residual viable tumor,which could be attributed to hypoxia generated by the procedure.
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Objective To understand the epidemiologicsl characteristics of leprosy during the evolution of the disease, towards the goal of elimination for the past 50 years and longer, so as to provide experiences for aecelerating eradication of leprosy in China. Methods Data were collected from National Surveillance System of Leprosy which was composed annually of all the data from county-based leprosy unit reporting system. All the data were reviewed retrospectively. Results A total number of 487 900 leprosy patients were reported from 1949 to 2007 in China. The ease detection rate reduced from the highest of 5.561100 000 in 1958 to the lowest of 0.12/100 000 in 2007. Leprosy patients mainly distributed in mountain areas in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangdong Guangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces with warm and damp climate and underdeveloped economy. After more than 50 years of leprosy control efforts,the case detection rate declined quickly in provinces in the eastern and the southern parts but very slowly in provinces in the western and the southwestern part of China. The ratio of relapsed patients to newly detected ones increased from 1:139 in 1960s' to 1:10 after 1980s', annually. The proportion of child cases among newly detected patients had been 3 %-4 % since 1968. In the recent 20 years, the proportion of new patients with positive skin smear gradually increased and the rate of disability grade two reached 20 % and more. The average age of new patients upon diagnosis was 45 years old in the east coastal provinces but only 38 years old in the southwest provinces. A new finding was that some new patients detected in the east coastal provinces were immigrants from the southwestern provinces. Conclusion With continuous socio-economic development and active efforts on leprosy control, the prevalence of leprosy gradually declined despite the long evolution period. Some negative events seemed to have influenced the trend of case detection.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical outcome of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with pedicle screw fixation on the treatment of spondylolisthesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty patients with spondylolisthesis who were managed in our department were retrospectively evaluated. They were categorized into TLIF group and PLIF group according to the surgical methods, with 60 cases in each group. The slippage rate, the height of intervertebral space and intervertebral foramen were measured in each patient before and after operation and were compared between the two groups correspondingly. The interbody fusion rate, JOA score and complications after operation were also determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 120 patients were followed up for an average of 23 months (range, 16 to 35 months). Interbody bony fusion was achieved in every case and cage excursion or subsidence occurred in not any case. JOA score was rated as good or excellent in 83.3% of the TLIF cases and in 81.7% of the PLIF cases. There were no difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Postoperative slippage rate was significantly less than preoperative ones in both groups (P < 0.01). No difference in lost of reduction at the final follow-up was found between TLIF and PLIF groups (P > 0.05). Significant increases in the height of intervertebral space and intervertebral foramen after operation were approved in both groups (P < 0.01), but no difference in these increases was confirmed between the two groups (P > 0.05). The lost of the height of intervertebral space and intervertebral foramen at the final follow-up were also similar between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TLIF and PLIF are good methods for the treatment of spondylolisthesis, both leading to satisfactory clinical outcomes. However, TLIF is relatively safer owing to its unilateral approach for interbody fusion.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bone Transplantation , Methods , Follow-Up Studies , Lumbar Vertebrae , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Fusion , Methods , Spondylolysis , General Surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical efficacy of carpal branch of ulnar artery skin flap and dorsal carpal branch of anterior interosseous artery skin flap in replantation of complicated severed hand.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 1999 to October 2005, 18 patients with complicated severed hands were treated in our department. According to the skin defect of severed hand, the palm of the hand was restored with upper carpal branch of ulnar artery skin flap (2-4 cm x 3-6 cm), followed by restoration of the back of the hand with dorsal carpal branch of anterior interosseous artery skin flap (4-6 cm x 5-8 cm) and replantation of the hand was performed simultaneously.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the replanted hands and the skip flaps survived after the surgery with satisfactory shape and function. The surgery achieved an over 70% recovery of the hand function in all cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For complicated severed hands, upper carpal branch of the ulnar artery skin flap and dorsal carpal branch of the anterior interosseous artery skin flap are effective to repair the skin defect, and this procedure provides a good option for reconstructing shape and function of the severed hands.</p>